When one hears claims about Church history that are less than flattering, or shocking, two balancing perspectives are helpful. 
 
On the one hand, one ought not to become too alarmed or defensive of claims that there has been sin in the Church. Any time there is one human being in the room there is bound to be sin. And The Church is very big and very old. The “hospital” we call the Church includes many saints, but is also a hospital for sinners. 
 
On the other hand, not all claims of sin in the Church are fair, or presented in proper context. And some claims are outright lies, or exaggerations. Thus, it is highly unlikely that 20% of the clientele of prostitutes were clergy. There are, and have been even great sinners among the clergy. But as recent scandals (sadly) show, the percentage of offending clergy is quite small, though even a small number is too many and can cause great harm. 
 
Other claims against the Church regarding the Inquisition in the Crusades also tend to present these issues out of historical context and backload current sensibilities to times that were far more brutal, and where stable governments and modern jurisprudence did not yet exist. 
 
And so, we must have balance. Jesus has always been found among sinners, to the scandalous of some. We do not make light of sin; we simply seek fairness.

Well, Jesus, who was on the scene and rather smart, seems to have concluded differently than the preacher you mention. 
 
That said, we do not usually bring people with seizures to an exorcist, but seek always to rule out natural causes first. In rare cases, what manifests as seizures may have demonic causes, but not usually. So rather than second-guess Jesus, or consign biblical insights to "primitive" thinking, we do better to assess what is before us, humbly realizing that there are often many levels to human struggles. And while some ailments are simply physical in origin, some may include other dimensions as well.

As with most things, moderation is proper when it comes to the use of incense. It would seem, as you describe, too much incense is being burned at one time. And while certain factors such as the size of the church, the height of the ceiling and the ventilation may affect how much can be used, the goal in the modern use of incense is not to overwhelm, or make it difficult to see. 
 
Your pastor's reference to history may indicate that he has something of the Old Testament concept in mind. When the High Priest went into the Holy of Holies of the ancient Temple, ample amounts of incense were used, lest he catch sight of God, and be struck dead. 
 
But given Jesus' ministry to us of sanctifying grace, this sort of concern is not a preoccupation today. Indeed, we are instructed in the liturgy to "Behold the Lamb of God". So, the use of incense to create a kind of impenetrable cloud, is something of a misapplication of an Old Testament concept, and also an excess to be avoided. 
 
However, also to be avoided is the complete rejection of the use of incense in the liturgy which is increasingly demanded by some in parishes. 
 
The use of incense is permitted, even encouraged by the Church for feasts of greater solemnity. It is a beautiful image of prayer and worship ascending to God, as Psalm 141:2 says, Let my prayer rise like incense, the lifting of my hands as an evening offering. And so, incense symbolizes our prayers and praises going up to God, and its fragrant aroma is a sign of his blessings descending gently upon us. 
 
Incense is not to be equated with cigarette smoke, it is not a known carcinogen, it is not a pollutant when used moderately. In fact, incense, like holy water, is often blessed by the priest, and therefore brings blessings. 
 
That said, there are some who suffer from various forms of respiratory distress who may suffer with excessive incense, at least physically. One compromise in these sorts of situations, is to follow the older norms of the Traditional Latin Mass. According to those norms, incense was not carried in the aisle, or the opening and closing processions, but was only imposed and used in the sanctuary area around the altar. As such, at least in larger churches, its effect on the whole congregation can be moderated.

There is no official Church teaching in this regard. Knowledge of DNA etc., is very recent and still deepening. Hence one would not expect a thorough theological treatise on a matter of this sort now. 
 
However, one principle must surely apply, namely the teaching from both Scripture and Tradition that Jesus, as a Divine person, also had a complete, intact human nature and was like us in this regard in all things but sin. Hence, he had the complete and proper number of chromosomes. How exactly God supplied the part usually supplied by a human father is not revealed. 
 
Speculation though, always a human tendency, would remain only speculation. We are dealing with miracle and mystery. But this truth remains clear, Jesus, though one person, is fully divine, and fully human.

Like many words, we can denote a strict sense, and a more relaxed colloquial sense. We can also note that the meaning of the words have changed a bit over time. 
 
The word monastery originally came from the Greek word monazein which means, “to live alone." In the earliest days monastics, (both men and women) went to the desert to live a largely solitary life in separate dwellings. However, many of them in a local area came to share some common buildings for prayer and eating. Over time many came closer together, and eventually were housed under one roof, though the monks and monastic sisters still tended to keep long hours of silence. Thus they lived in a relative, if not physical solitude, coming together also for communal prayers, meals and necessary community deliberations in the shared chapel, refectory, and chapter hall. 
 
Today the word “monastery” has tended to be used only of communities of men, while communities of women have tended to have their dwelling denoted as a “convent” or “cloister.” But, technically, there are women’s communities whose domicile is most properly termed a monastery. 
 
The main difference that the term “monastery” is meant to signify is that those who live there, live “alone” or apart from the everyday world. Their prayer is centered in the monastic community. Generally too, their work or apostolate is also centered there, rather than out in the community or world. Some enclosures are strict, others less so, but the concept of dwelling apart is key. 
 
“Convents” and religious houses, however, tend to house religious men and women who do not live and work in such isolation from the everyday world. Perhaps they work in education, hospitals or other external places during the day, but then return and live in community, sharing meals and prayer and other aspects of common life. The word “convent” comes from a Latin word which means “to convene or gather,” and is less inclusive of the concept of solitude contained in the word “monastery.” 
 
Historically, communities of men and women have used different terms to indicate “conventual” settings. Women’s communities have used terms like convent and nunnery, whereas for the men’s communities terms like priory or friary have been used. 
 
Nevertheless, and despite a variety of adaptations, the fundamental distinction to be observed is between communities (male or female) that live in some solitude (monastic) and those which interact more directly with the everyday world (conventual).

We don’t know. The story itself is very moving and there is naturally a human tendency to want to know more. Thus traditions and legends often set up in cases like these. But the historical accuracy of such things is often difficult to assess. “St. Dismas” is a name that tradition supplies us in the Western Church. However other names have also accrued to him in the East and in other eras such as Titus, Zoatham, Demas, and Rach. 
 
Interesting though these traditions are, we sometimes miss the main point when biblical figures are not named. For, if you are prepared to accept it, you are the good thief who “steals heaven,” if you are willing to repent, take up your Cross, be crucified with Jesus and persevere to the end, asking God’s mercy and admission to his Kingdom. 
 
The “good thief” was not so much good as he was smart. He knew that he was a sinner, justly condemned, and that his only hope was grace and mercy. Having repented, he turns (which is what “conversion” means) to Jesus and in faith seeks his salvation. Jesus says, “No one who comes to me will I ever reject” (Jn 6:37). And thus he is saved. Smart!

The happiness of heaven cannot be equated with earthly categories and prerequisites. Exactly how we will be happy in heaven cannot be explained to us here. Scripture describes heavenly happiness as: What no eye has seen, what no ear has heard, and what no human mind has conceived" -- these things God has prepared for those who love him (1 Cor 2:9). 
 
Jesus also cautions the Sadducees, who tried to project the earthly realities of marriage and family into heaven. He said You are in error because you do not know the Scriptures or the power of God (Matt 22:29). In other words, and for our purposes here, we have to admit that our grasp of what Heaven is, and how it will be experienced, cannot be reduced to, or explained merely in terms of how we are happy now. 
 
That said, some have speculated (and it IS just speculation) that the happiness of heaven, even despite missing family members, will be possible in light of the deeper appreciation of God’s justice that we will have there. Surely we will concur in heaven with all God’s judgments and in no way incur sorrow on account of them. 
 
Hence, we will see that those excluded from heaven are excluded rightly and have really chosen to dwell apart, preferring darkness to light (Jn 3:19). And while it may currently be mysterious to how this will not cause us sadness, God does in fact teach us that he will wipe every tear from our eyes (cf Rev. 21:4).

Jesus is using a Jewish manner of speaking in which hyperbole (exaggeration) is used to emphasize the point being made. Jesus is teaching that we are to prefer no one to him and what he commands. 
 
However, simply to render it as “prefer” in English would not deliver the full impact of what Jesus says. Thus the English translators properly retain the literal meaning of the Greek word miseó, “hate.” For Jesus is not merely asking for some preferred place in the world of loyalties and ideas, He is asking for a radical preference. Jesus is not just part of our life, he IS our life. 
 
The impact of what he is saying is that we must so strongly love and prefer him, that others might think at times that we “hate” them by comparison. 
 
Thus, “hate” here does not mean to despise, condemn or harbor grudges. But it is a call for a radical preference that the use of the simple word “prefer” does not capture. Jesus uses hyperbole as a way of emphasis. We do this a lot in English as well when, for example, we say things like, “There must have been a million people there.” There may not have even been a thousand, but our emphasis is a hyperbole that means there were a LOT of people there.

No, it does not. Angels do reflect God's glory, as do all creatures to some degree. But angels are creatures, distinct from God, they are not a part (or facet) of God. 
 
Some sympathy for the preacher may be in order however. Sometimes analogies go wrong in live preaching. I suspect what Father meant to say was that angels reflect God's glory in different ways. The Seraphim are the "burning ones" before the Throne of God manifesting God's fiery glory and love, the Cherubim manifest God's glory and will toward creation, and so forth. 
 
I rather doubt Father thinks of angels as part of God. I think his analogy slipped or morphed and that by facets he does not mean to imply the angels are of the same substance as God, but rather, that they reflect his glory differently as facets or a gemstone reflect different qualities.

Actually, we don't know if purgatory ends on Judgment Day. It could, arguably, continue for some "time" thereafter. Then again, maybe not, perhaps the Last Judgment ushers in a quick searing purification and purgatory passes away with the current heavens and earth. 
 
But perhaps a more fundamental "answer" to your question is to say that there are just some things we don't know. Good Theology must recognize its limits, being content to accept that there are many things God has not revealed. And even in those things He has revealed, we must humbly admit that the mysteries about God and creation have depths beyond our capacity to fully comprehend.